Description: The final actuarial work of the renowned Briton, Frank Redington. was a series of essays called “The Flock and the Sheep.” They were reviewed here some months ago by Kenneth Stewart. These articles describe what could be characterized as the problem of incidence of earnings on investments inequities. While equities produce the greatest returns over a long time, they tend to have lower returns than debt for the first years of the investment.

Description: This paper develops a new method of determining long-range interest rate assumptions. Followed by discussion papers submitted by 2 authors

Description: This session discussion is about the pricing considerations for risk and measurement of the rate of return in light of unexpected contingencies including: defaults, economic downturns, change in bond ratings and market value changes. From Record of the Society of Actuaries Vol. 15, No. 3B.

Description: This discussion at the 1968 Annual Meeting covers insurance company investment issues including measurement of investment performance and models for measuring perfomance.

Description: This article discusses that over the past five years, an increasing number of actuaries have become concerned with the asset side of the balance sheet.

Description: 1988 Valuation Actuary Symposium. The session discussed the C-3 risk, not the C-1 risk in the title. It explored the question: For testing purposes, how does one create the investment scenarios to which you expose your assets and liabilities?